Carbohydrates are organic compounds that can be represented by the general formula (CH₂O)n, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. This indicates that the ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates is typically 1:2:1.
The term “carbohydrate” is derived from its chemical composition:
“Carbo” refers to carbon
“Hydrate” refers to water
Carbohydrates are one of the essential classes of biomolecules and are widely used in food, pharmaceutical, fermentation, and various industrial applications.
Classification of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are classified into three main types:
Monosaccharides – Simple sugars such as glucose and fructose.
Disaccharides – Formed by two monosaccharide units, such as sucrose and lactose.
Polysaccharides – Complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of sugar molecules, such as starch and cellulose.
These compounds play a significant role in energy production, structural functions, and industrial formulations.
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