An acid is a chemical substance that, when dissolved in water, releases hydrogen ions (H⁺). Acids typically have a sour taste, turn blue litmus paper red, react with certain metals (such as iron) to release hydrogen gas, and react with bases to form salts. They also promote or accelerate certain chemical reactions, a process known as acid catalysis.
According to the Arrhenius theory, acids are substances that release one or more hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solution.
Acids are generally classified into two main categories:
These are strong acids widely used in industrial applications, including:
Sulfuric Acid
Nitric Acid
Hydrochloric Acid
Phosphoric Acid
They are commonly used in fertilizer production, petroleum refining, metal treatment, chemical synthesis, and water treatment processes.
These acids contain carbon and belong to functional groups such as:
Carboxylic Acids
Sulfonic Acids
Phenols
Organic acids are used in pharmaceuticals, food processing, polymer manufacturing, detergents, and specialty chemical formulations.
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