A catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently consumed in the process. Catalysts work by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction, making industrial processes faster and more efficient.
Catalysts are widely used across various industries to improve production efficiency, enhance product quality, and reduce energy consumption.
1️⃣ Homogeneous Catalysts
These catalysts exist in the same phase (usually liquid) as the reactants. They are commonly used in chemical synthesis and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
2️⃣ Heterogeneous Catalysts
These catalysts exist in a different phase (usually solid) than the reactants. They are widely used in petroleum refining, fertilizer production, and polymer manufacturing.
3️⃣ Biocatalysts
These include enzymes that accelerate biochemical reactions and are commonly used in food processing, biotechnology, and pharmaceuticals.
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